What is Tethered Cord Syndrome?
Tethered cord syndrome is a condition where the spinal cord is abnormally attached to the spinal canal, causing it to become stretched. This condition restricts the spinal cord's free movement, creating pressure on the nerves, which can lead to various neurological symptoms.
Causes
Tethered cord syndrome is typically congenital, often associated with spinal dysraphism or other congenital anomalies. In this condition, the spinal cord may be attached to tissues from birth. Additionally, other congenital spinal abnormalities like spina bifida, lipoma (fatty tissue tumor), or dermal sinus can lead to tethered cord syndrome. Rarely, adhesions that develop after spinal surgery can also cause the spinal cord to become tethered.
Symptoms
The symptoms of tethered cord syndrome vary depending on the patient's age and the extent of the spinal cord tension. In infants and young children, symptoms may include:
Back pain or leg pain
Foot deformities or flat feet
Difficulty with bladder or bowel control
Weakness or coordination issues in the legs
In adults, symptoms may be more pronounced and can include:
Severe back pain
Weakness in the feet or legs
Sensory loss or numbness
Urinary or bowel problems
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of tethered cord syndrome is usually based on clinical findings, patient history, and imaging studies. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is particularly effective in showing the stretching of the spinal cord and abnormalities in the spinal canal. Other imaging techniques like ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) may also assist in diagnosis.
Treatment
The most common treatment approach for tethered cord syndrome is surgery. Surgical intervention aims to release the spinal cord and reduce the tension. This procedure alleviates pressure on the spinal cord, leading to an improvement in symptoms. Post-surgery, careful monitoring and a rehabilitation process are essential.
The Importance of Early Intervention
If not diagnosed and treated early, tethered cord syndrome can lead to permanent neurological damage. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, especially in children. If untreated, the pressure on the spinal cord can increase, potentially causing irreversible nerve damage.
Conclusion
Tethered cord syndrome is a serious and progressive neurological condition. However, with early diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment, its effects can be significantly mitigated. If you or your child experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a specialist for an evaluation.